PALOMBIERE

PALOMBE en PALOMBIERE La chasse à la palombe est souvent faite d'attente, l'attente de l'arrivée de ces vols bleus de pigeons ramiers migrateurs. Pour ce faire, des chasseurs passionnés réalisent de véritables résidences secondaires que l'on appelle PALOMBIERES. Perchées sur de grands arbres ou au sommet de pylônes, les palombières sont souvent rudimentaires, faites de planches, de tôles, de branchages et de fougères. D'autres, en haut de leurs échelles, sont des cabannes aménagées avec soin, capables d'accueillir de 4 à 6 personnes pour attendre les vols de palombes durant toute la journée. Entre amis, on y mange, on s'y raconte des histoires de chasse, on y joue aux cartes, on y plaisante, on se souvient de personnes et d'évènements d'autrefois, on y écoute la radio ... tout ce qui fait passer de bons moments à ces passionnés de chasse en palombière. Tant pis si les palombes ne sont pas au rendez-vous ! Si par bonheur un vol de palombes passe par là, chaque chasseur se met en place et joue naturellement le rôle qui est le sien. Les appeaux sont agités pour inciter les palombes à se poser près de la palombière. Ce sont des pigeons attachés par une patte sur des raquettes que l'on monte à la cime des arbres environnants. Articulées, les chasseurs les agite à l'aide de filins. Attirées par les mouvements d'ailes des appeaux, les palombes se posent. Silencieux et immobiles, les chasseurs visent chacun une palombe et, au signal convenu d'avance, tirent ensemble. La parfaite synchronisation du tir est impérative si chacun veut rentrer chez lui avec son oiseau bleu, toujours prêt à s'envoler aux moindres bruit et mouvement. In a Gascony Palombiere, Traditional Fare and Hunting Lore By Max Hartshorne In South-western France, one of the largest pine forests in Europe covers a wide swath of the sandy land. Deep in this lush forest between Bordeaux and Bayonne are small birds called palombes, which are hunted in a traditional way by groups of men who pay dearly for the privilege. One overcast night in June, we followed a man named Eurl Jean-Marie Bitaube whose business card read ‘Traiteur of Vianne” into the forest. He parked his small white truck in a makeshift garage covered with tree branches as if to be camouflaged from view.  We walked down a path through the trees and it was silent--only the noises of the birds and the sounds of our footprints on the sandy track. We were following the path to the palombiere, where men from all over France bond over a ritual that goes back for centuries, and to this day remains as challenging as it was ages ago.  There are palombieres in many locations in this part of Southwestern France, and some can be visited by the public. Others, like this one, remain member’s only sanctums, and places for male bonding at its best. The Palombiere The palombiere is a series of six-foot high tunnels, covered from the outside with branches, and created with blue tarps and lumber. The tunnels stretch out about 100 feet in each direction all facing a central clearing. Bitaube showed us two lines of horizontal wire.  “We attach nets to this,” he said, pointing down to the two wires about thirty feet long. “People walking in the woods have errantly stepped into these traps,” he said, and the results can be fatal. “This snaps shut very quickly; it can be very dangerous if you’re caught in it. It will easily snap your neck. A mountain of escargots are a traditional appetizer served in the palombiere, in Gascony, France. A mountain of escargots are a traditional appetizer served in the Palombiere, in Gascony, France. photo by Max Hartshorne. The contraption he was describing is an ancient way to catch birds called palombes. They are similar to pigeons but larger. But the birds are not hunted this way. These victims, who are attracted to corn and water placed inside the net as the men hide in the blinds, are to be used as live decoys to attract other palombes, who will be the prey.  These decoy birds, said Bitaube, will have their tiny feet tied together and be strung up a series of wires that run fifty feet up toward the tops of the trees. They will fly up the wire, bound by the string, and attract the others. There are other ways the hunters try to attract the birds using the decoys, he said, showing us a paddle with a long handle. “We attach the decoy birds to this paddle and someone pulls it down the ground, as if they are landing to eat the corn. It’s all done from behind the blind, to fool the palombes into believing it’s a safe place to have a bite and get a drink. “It can be minutes, or even hours,” Bitaube explained. “We wait until the perfect moment and then ‘WACK” the net flips up and we catch our decoy birds. There could be a dozen, or there could be six. We wait. “Here you have to be completely silent, for a long time,’ he said. “You cannot be talking on the phone--“hi daddy!”-- he mimicked. It was radio silence in the blind, for however many hours it would take to attract the tiny prey to within shooting distance. Once the decoys were active, the silence continued. Inside the palombiere, a series of hunting blinds where the target is palombe, or wood pigeons. Inside the palombiere, a series of hunting blinds where the target is palombe, or wood pigeons. It was clear that this traditional way of catching the decoys was as much a part of the hunt as the one shot each one could take at the flying prey. They catch the decoys and use them all year, he said. They keep them alive in large pens in the nearby towns.  At the end of the season, which runs from September to November, the decoy birds are released, having served their purpose.  Each hunter is permitted just one shot. Not any more. They all fire at once, with one lead hunter counting silently one….two…three. BANG! I asked him how many birds are taken at this camp, and he answered only 50 to 100 per season. It was clear the odds were in the bird’s favor, and that it would be a long, long time before this species would ever be endangered-- least by this tough process of  elimination. The cheese course featuring Gascony cheeses inside the lodge. The cheese course featuring Gascony cheeses inside the lodge. A Cozy Candlelit Lodge At the end of one of the tunnels, we came to the main lodge, a big cozy room lit by candles with small windows looking out at the hunting area. A big table was set and three kinds of wine sat waiting-- a local rose, a cabernet from Buzet, and a crisp white.  It was time for snails. A small gas stove was lit with several bubbling pots. He had begun the cooking before he came to get us at our hotel ten miles away in the town of Barbaste. Escargot is a traditional repast in these lodges, Bitaube said. We sat down at the table and he brought forth two large bowls filled with garlicky escargot, which he said came from Marseilles, where they are farmed like mussels. Picking up toothpicks, we set to work plucking the tender insides from the tiny snail shells. It was a bounty compared with the meager portion of six traditionally presented on a plate in an expensive French restaurant. Here, dozens of the roasted delicious appetizers lay before us. We couldn’t come close to finishing them but we gave it our best hunter’s effort, taking one after another out of their shells. The camouflaged lodge of the palombiere. The camouflaged lodge of the Palombiere. The rose was a semi dry variety from Gascony and the Buzet red was fruity—a perfect compliment to the briny flavor of the escargot. He brought out some crackers topped with the local duck fois gras to accompany the snails. The Hen in the Oven Bitaube had a hen in the oven, and brought forth the main dish, a Gascony classic called Poule au Pot, once enjoyed by local favorite French King Henry IV. It’s a long cooked stewing fowl, combined with potatoes, and carrots and topped with a sauce of mushrooms.  It was another traditional dish served in his lodge, a bit gameier than a regular roast chicken, and darker with a rich flavor. It cooks for two hours, getting all of that stubborn egg-layer’s meat nice and tender. A woman in our group began to sing a drinking song she had learned at summer camp, which seemed appropriate as we stared down the six bottles of wine before us. She remembered every ribald verse, right to the end as we drank heartily.  Bitaube told us about his clientele, who come from all over France to enjoy time in this lodge and to partake in this ancient way of hunting. He pointed to the fireplace that would usually be ablaze, and explained that this summer has been so dry,they weren’t allowed to light it due to the danger of forest fires. A Man's World Gascony is in Southwest France. This story was about a palombiere in Lot-en-Garonne, in the center of the green area. Gascony is in Southwest France. This story was about a palombiere in Lot-en-Garonne, in the center of the green area. It was a man’s world here but the women felt as comfortable around the table as we did. He showed us an opening with a small window where the hunt leader controls the mechanism to raise and lower the decoy birds on the paddles. It was time for coffee and a dessert, again following the Gascony gastronomic traditions. But first, cheese—a tangy goat cheese, a Camembert, and a local cow’s milk cheese with a thick rind. Then he brought us a small bowl of tender peaches topped with local prunes. As we finished our coffees and thanked him for sharing this world with us, it was time to find out way out of the blind. We walked the path through the dark woods, sated and content. No birds had perished from our gunshots, as I suspect is the case with most of Bitaube’s clients.